How to Choose Fiberglass Multiaxial Fabric

Nov 03, 2026 Weitong Fiberglass

Choosing fiberglass multiaxial fabric affects the laminate design, structural weight, and production efficiency of composite components. Different fiber orientations serve different reinforcement needs, while areal weight, layer construction, and manufacturing processes also influence material performance. The selection process should start with the load requirements of the finished component, followed by the appropriate fabric structure and specifications.

1. Choose the Fabric Type Based on Load Direction

Multiaxial fabric combines layers of fiberglass oriented in different directions and stitches them together into an integrated structure. Common types differ mainly in fiber orientation and layer construction.

Fabric Type Typical Fiber Configuration Key Application Considerations
Biaxial ±45° (BX) +45°/−45° For structures requiring off-axis reinforcement, with its contribution to shear and torsional load resistance evaluated as part of the overall design
Biaxial 0°/90° (LT) 0°/90° For components requiring reinforcement in both longitudinal and transverse directions
0°/90° with Chopped Strand Mat (LTM) 0°/90° fiber layers combined with a chopped strand mat layer For applications requiring directional reinforcement alongside the functions provided by a chopped strand mat layer
Unidirectional Combination (UDTM) Primarily reinforces a specific direction; the exact construction depends on the product For components that carry loads mainly along a particular direction

If a component primarily carries tensile loads in one direction, prioritize the fiber configuration aligned with that direction. When reinforcement is needed in both longitudinal and transverse directions, a 0°/90° structure may be suitable. For components subject to significant shear or torsional loads, ±45° layers may also be worth evaluating.

▶ In practice, multiple layer orientations are often combined to meet structural requirements. Fiber orientation alone does not determine final performance; the stacking sequence, fiber content, resin system, and component design must also be considered.

2. Look Beyond Areal Weight to Fiber Distribution

Areal weight, expressed in g/m², indicates the mass of fabric per unit area. However, two multiaxial fabrics with the same total areal weight may have different fiber distributions and layer constructions, so they should not automatically be treated as interchangeable.

When sourcing materials, check the following:

  • · Areal weight of each fiber direction: Confirm that the fiber distribution meets the design requirements.
  • · Total areal weight and tolerances: Verify the nominal value and permitted variation rather than comparing products by total weight alone.
  • · Additional layers: Check whether the fabric includes a chopped strand mat layer and confirm the overall layer configuration.
  • · Target weight and number of plies: Evaluate whether the material quantity meets the component's weight and thickness requirements.

A higher areal weight does not necessarily mean a better choice. It may reduce the number of plies needed to achieve a target fiber weight, but it can also increase the component's overall weight. The final specification should be consistent with the laminate design and manufacturing requirements.

3. Match the Fabric Structure to the Manufacturing Process

The performance of a fabric can vary depending on the manufacturing process. In addition to reinforcement requirements, consider how well the resin can impregnate the fibers, how easily the fabric conforms to the mold, and whether the layers remain stable during processing.

Vacuum infusion

Pay attention to resin flow, fiber wet-out, and air removal throughout the laminate.

Resin transfer molding (RTM)

Evaluate fabric permeability, preform stability, and compatibility with the mold.

Hand lay-up

Consider drapability, conformity to complex surfaces, and resin impregnation during manual processing.

The final result also depends on resin viscosity, stacking sequence, compaction, mold design, and process parameters. For complex components or applications with demanding load requirements, trial production or relevant testing can help verify material suitability.

4. Which Specifications Should Be Confirmed Before Purchasing?

When requesting a quotation or confirming a product grade, providing clear requirements makes it easier to identify a suitable material. The following details should be checked:

  • · Fiber orientation and layer construction: Specify the orientation of each layer, the overall configuration, and whether a chopped strand mat layer is included.
  • · Areal weight and tolerances: Confirm the total areal weight, the areal weight of each fiber direction, and the permitted variation.
  • · Width and roll length: Ensure the dimensions suit the existing equipment, cutting requirements, and lay-up process.
  • · Stitching structure: Check the stitching method and whether the fabric remains stable during cutting and placement.
  • · Resin system and manufacturing process: Provide details of the intended resin and production method so material compatibility can be assessed.
  • · Performance documentation: Review mechanical property data, test reports, or other validation documents as required by the application.

▶ For composite structures such as wind turbine blades, marine hulls, and industrial components, fabric specifications should also align with the design loads and laminate calculations. If standard products do not meet the requirements, customized fiber configurations, areal weights, and widths may be considered.